The 1810 US Census doesn’t exactly have a lot of information available. The earliest censuses seem to focus more on economic information rather than population and demographics.
In 1810, Ohio had just 36 counties and Columbus had not been founded yet. Franklin County, however, did exist at the time, as well as Franklinton and a few other towns.
Franklin County Cotton Goods Value in Dollars: $6,043 Rank of Ohio’s Counties: 3rd Flaxen Goods Value in Dollars: $13,935 Rank of Ohio’s Counties: 13th Blended and Unnamed Cloths and Stuffs Value in Dollars: $9,927 Rank of Ohio’s Counties: 15th Woolen Goods Value in Dollars: $2,496 Rank of Ohio’s Counties: 13th # of Looms: 150 # of Naileries: 1 # of Tanneries: 5
That’s all I have for now, but if I find more information about the area in 1810, I will add it here.
For those counting, there are 99 places in that list. 79 of them, or 79.8%, show growth over the period. Every place within Franklin County saw growth- maybe not down to the neighborhood level- but in all of the towns and cities.
Columbus passed 800,000 for the first time, and its actual growth rate increased from about 1.1% annually to 1.6% annually.