Now that the Summer of 2016 is but a memory, let’s take a quick look back at where it stands in the weather record books.
Temperature
Summer 2016 Means June-August Mean High: 85.5 June-August Mean Rank since 1878: 26th Warmest While the average high for Summer 2016 was certainly warm, it fell just outside of the top 25. By comparison to recent years, 2010 (85.6), 2011 (85.7) and 2012 (87.7) all had warmer average highs.
June-August Mean Low: 66.1 June-August Mean Low Rank since 1878: 4th Warmest The average low for the summer is what made 2016 much more exceptional. No recent years (last decade) were warmer, although 2010 did tie.
June-August Mean: 75.8 June-August Mean Rank since 1878: 10th So if you thought this summer was hot, well you were right. Only 2010 (75.9) and 2012 (76.4) were warmer of any recent years.
Monthly Means June Mean: 73.2 June Mean Rank since 1878: 17th Warmest July Mean: 76.6 July Mean Rank since 1878: 20th Warmest August Mean: 77.6 August Mean Rank since 1878: 6th Warmest The summer gradually became hotter as it went on.
Summer 2016 Misc. Temperature Stats # of 90+ Days: 18 90+ Days Rank: 22nd Warmest High: 95 Warmest Low: 77 Coldest High: 72 Coldest Low: 48
Daily Temperature Records June 11th: Record Warm Maximum Tie: 95: Tied with 1914 and 1933. August 10th: Record Warm Minimum Tie: 75: Tied with 2001. August 11th: Record Warm Minimum Tie: 76: Tied with 1918. August 12th: Record Warm Minimum: 76: Beat record from 1947. August 13th: Record Warm Minimum Tie: 75: Tied with 1995.
Precipitation June-July Precipitation Total: 13.53″ June-July Precipitation Rank since 1878: 29th Wettest Besides being warm, Summer 2016 was also fairly wet.
Monthly Precipitation Stats June Precipitation: 5.22″ June Precipitation Rank since 1878: 29th July Precipitation: 2.49″ July Precipitation Rank since 1878: 27th Driest August Precipitation: 5.82″ August Precipitation Rank since 1878: 13th Wettest So the summer was bookended by wet months with July being fairly dry.
Summer 2016 Misc. Precipitation Stats Total Precipitation Days (including Trace): 45 Total Measurable Precipitation Days: 30 Measurable Precipitation Days Rank since 1878: 16th Highest Days with 0.25″ or Higher: 16 Days with 0.50″ or Higher: 10 Days with 1.00″ or Higher: 4
Daily Precipitation Records June 23rd: 2.75″: Beat the old record in 1901.
In the 2nd post related to the recently-released Censusdemographic data, I’ll look at Columbus city diversity and how it’s been changing since 2005, as well as how it compares to other regional and national peers.
Rank by City of Total White, non-Hispanic Population by Year 2005————————————–2010————————————-2015 1. Chicago, IL: 819,215————1. Chicago: 853,910—————1. Chicago: 879,318 2. Indianapolis, IN: 491,044——2. Indianapolis: 482,195———–2. Columbus: 491,602 3. Columbus: 442,958————-3. Columbus: 470,971————-3. Indianapolis: 479,376 4. Portland, OR: 382,033———-4. Portland: 417,876—————4. Portland: 449,552 5. San Antonio, TX: 356,420—–5. Austin: 384,065——————5. Austin: 444,638 6. Austin, TX: 347,013————-6. San Antonio: 351,420———-6. Nashville: 365,542 7. Nashville, TN: 314,518——–7. Nashville: 339,030————–7. San Antonio: 364,707 8. Charlotte, NC: 302,789——-8. Charlotte: 331,357—————8. Charlotte: 356,507 9. Virginia Beach, VA: 290,891–9. Virginia Beach: 282,812——9. Omaha: 293,631 10. San Jose, CA: 281,822—–10. Las Vegas: 280,604——-10. Virginia Beach: 281,686 11. Las Vegas, NV: 281,679—-11. Omaha: 277,606————–11. Las Vegas: 278,444 12. Omaha, NE: 267,685——–12. San Jose: 265,311————12. San Jose: 268,948 13. Kansas City, MO: 249,123—13. Kansas City: 247,473——13. Kansas City: 261,360 14. Milwaukee, WI: 219,891——14. Minneapolis: 242,848——14. Minneapolis: 243,709 15. Minneapolis, MN: 216,975—-15. Milwaukee: 221,514——-15. Milwaukee: 216,755 16. Toledo: 183,746—————–16. Pittsburgh: 203,622——–16. Pittsburgh: 192,187 17. Pittsburgh, PA: 180,725——-17. Toledo: 177,341————17. Toledo: 164,305 18. Sacramento, CA: 160,599—-18. Sacramento: 165,610—–18. Sacramento: 155,784 19. Cleveland: 147,359————19. Cincinnati: 143,120——–19. Cincinnati: 147,360 20. St. Louis, MO: 143,590——–20. Cleveland: 137,977——–20. St. Louis: 138,178 21. Cincinnati: 138,486————-21. St. Louis: 134,146———-21. Cleveland: 133,998 22. Akron: 128,976——————22. Akron: 120,800————22. Grand Rapids: 119,128 23. Grand Rapids, MI: 113,791—23. Grand Rapids: 104,636—-23. Akron: 117,587 24. Orlando, FL: 92,326————24. Orlando: 96,867————24. Orlando: 102,822 25. Detroit, MI: 77,163————–25. Dayton: 72,663————-25. Dayton: 75,539 26. Dayton: 67,581——————26. Providence: 64,284——-26. Detroit: 64,511 27. Providence, RI: 64,223——–27. Detroit: 55,298————-27. Providence: 61,492
Columbus moved from 3rd to 2nd over the 10-year period for total White, non-Hispanic population.
Rank by City of Total Black, non-Hispanic Population by Year 2005—————————————–2010———————————2015 1. Chicago: 938,097—————–1. Chicago: 895,294———–1. Chicago: 834,048 2. Detroit: 683,999——————–2. Detroit: 587,707————-2. Detroit: 536,527 3. Milwaukee: 222,040————–3. Charlotte: 251,274———-3. Charlotte: 282,456 4. Cleveland: 221,797—————4. Milwaukee: 230,473——–4. Indianapolis: 234,338 5. Charlotte: 205,216—————-5. Indianapolis: 226,314——-5. Columbus: 233,320 6. Indianapolis: 193,948————6. Columbus: 216,486———6. Milwaukee: 231,304 7. Columbus: 179,197—————7. Cleveland: 208,528———7. Cleveland: 194,350 8. St. Louis: 168,768—————-8. Nashville: 171,104———–8. Nashville: 178,293 9. Nashville: 148,051—————-9. St. Louis: 157,382———–9. St. Louis: 146,925 10. Kansas City: 131,694———-10. Kansas City: 138,461—–10. Kansas City: 140,515 11. Cincinnati: 131,010————-11. Cincinnati: 131,909——–11. Cincinnati: 125,621 12. Pittsburgh: 81,758————–12. Virginia Beach: 79,583—-12. San Antonio: 98,876 13. Virginia Beach: 80,004——–13. San Antonio: 79,307——13. Virginia Beach: 85,867 14. Orlando: 73,736—————–14. Toledo: 75,033————-14. Minneapolis: 78,861 15. Toledo: 72,190——————-15. Pittsburgh: 71,539——–15. Toledo: 76,173 16. Sacramento: 71,452————16. Orlando: 70,988————16. Pittsburgh: 73,012 17. San Antonio: 70,723————17. Minneapolis: 63,749——17. Las Vegas: 68,777 18. Dayton: 60,196——————-18. Sacramento: 61,976——18. Austin: 68,061 19. Akron: 59,810——————–19. Austin: 61,833————–19. Sacramento: 63,477 20. Las Vegas: 59,780————–20. Dayton: 61,402————-20. Orlando: 61,955 21. Austin: 59,583——————-21. Akron: 60,653—————-21. Akron: 58,716 22. Minneapolis: 57,499————22. Las Vegas: 60,187———22. Omaha: 57,546 23. Omaha: 50,333——————23. Omaha: 55,086————-23. Dayton: 51,896 24. Grand Rapids: 40,408———24. Grand Rapids: 41,848—–24. Portland: 35,362 25. Portland: 30,828—————25. Portland: 37,355————-25. Grand Rapids: 32,423 26. San Jose: 27,446————–26. San Jose: 29,831———–26. San Jose: 30,068 27. Providence: 18,794————27. Providence: 19,265——–27. Providence: 21,484
Columbus moved up from 7th to 5th in total Black, non-Hispanic during the period.
Rank by City of Total Asian, non-Hispanic Population by Year 2005————————————-2010——————————————2015 1. San Jose: 269,186————–1. San Jose: 303,227—————–1. San Jose: 355,777 2. Chicago: 127,686—————-2. Chicago: 148,280——————2. Chicago: 166,771 3. Sacramento: 80,307————3. Sacramento: 84,556————-3. Sacramento: 88,422 4. Portland: 36,278—————–4. Austin: 46,575———————-4. Austin: 69,696 5. Austin: 35,239——————–5. Portland: 43,185——————-5. Charlotte: 50,142 6. Columbus: 27,125—————6. Las Vegas: 37,406—————-6. Portland: 49,811 7. Las Vegas: 25,077————–7. Charlotte: 37,181——————7. Columbus: 42,933 8. Charlotte: 23,356—————-8. Columbus: 35,468—————-8. San Antonio: 41,988 9. Virginia Beach: 22,501———9. San Antonio: 29,200————-9. Las Vegas: 41,782 10. San Antonio: 20,492———10. Virginia Beach: 27,303—–10. Virginia Beach: 28,358 11. Minneapolis: 20,189———-11. Milwaukee: 22,670————11. Minneapolis: 26,958 12. Milwaukee: 19,596————12. Minneapolis: 21,426———–12. Indianapolis: 25,264 13. Nashville: 16,943—————13. Indianapolis: 17,137———-13. Milwaukee: 22,497 14. Indianapolis: 12,312———–14. Nashville: 17,045————–14. Nashville: 20,577 15. Providence: 10,751————15. Pittsburgh: 12,036————-15. Pittsburgh: 18,067 16. Pittsburgh: 10,727————–16. Providence: 11,497———–16. Omaha: 15,243 17. Kansas City: 10,674———-17. Kansas City: 10,263———–17. Kansas City: 13,552 18. Detroit: 9,577——————-18. St. Louis: 8,717—————–18. Providence: 10,842 19. St. Louis: 7,046—————–19. Omaha: 8,397——————19. St. Louis: 8,920 20. Omaha: 6,971——————20. Orlando: 7,870——————20. Detroit: 8,790 21. Cincinnati: 6,874—————21. Detroit: 6,549——————–21. Akron: 8,006 22. Cleveland: 6,289————–22. Cincinnati: 5,938—————–22. Orlando: 7,949 23. Orlando: 5,528—————–23. Cleveland: 5,392—————–23. Cleveland: 7,874 24. Toledo: 4,150——————-24. Akron: 4,567———————-24. Cincinnati: 6,259 25. Akron: 3,497——————–25. Grand Rapids: 3,695———–25. Toledo: 5,008 26. Grand Rapids: 2,847———26. Toledo: 3,125——————-26. Grand Rapids: 4,451 27. Dayton: 1,827——————27. Dayton: 1,231——————-27. Dayton: 1,548
Columbus fell from 6th to 7th in Asian, non-Hispanic population.
Rank by City of Total Hispanic Population by Year 2005——————————————–2010————————————2015 1. Chicago: 778,234—————1. San Antonio: 853,654———-1. San Antonio: 937,607 2. San Antonio: 735,458———–2. Chicago: 763,968—————2. Chicago: 787,725 3. San Jose: 279,420————–3. San Jose: 318,389————–3. San Jose: 331,232 4. Austin: 223,361——————4. Austin: 288,130——————4. Austin: 327,680 5. Las Vegas: 153,813————5. Las Vegas: 181,923————-5. Las Vegas: 204,913 6. Sacramento: 111,559———6. Sacramento: 124,461———–6. Sacramento: 150,153 7. Milwaukee: 80,945————-7. Milwaukee: 104,619————-7. Charlotte: 113,731 8. Providence: 60,008————-8. Charlotte: 96,246—————-8. Milwaukee: 110,335 9. Charlotte: 58,466—————9. Indianapolis: 78,467————-9. Orlando: 89,306 10. Indianapolis: 47,764———10. Providence: 76,645————10. Indianapolis: 83,426 11. Detroit: 46,993—————–11. Nashville: 61,212————–11. Providence: 77,968 12. Orlando: 43,978—————12. Portland: 58,986—————12. Nashville: 67,526 13. Portland: 43,324—————13. Orlando: 56,061—————13. Omaha: 63,516 14. Omaha: 39,674—————–14. Omaha: 53,661—————14. Portland: 61,064 15. Nashville: 37,463—————15. Kansas City: 49,800———15. Detroit: 53,980 16. Minneapolis: 37,017———–16. Detroit: 45,580—————-16. Columbus: 46,855 17. Kansas City: 35,995———–17. Columbus: 43,276————17. Kansas City: 46,037 18. Grand Rapids: 32,368———18. Cleveland: 36,067———-18. Cleveland: 40,603 19. Cleveland: 32,085————–19. Minneapolis: 34,504——-19. Minneapolis: 39,981 20. Columbus: 24,607———–20. Grand Rapids: 30,659——20. Virginia Beach: 36,309 21. Virginia Beach: 20,803——–21. Virginia Beach: 29,206—-21. Grand Rapids: 31,282 22. Toledo: 18,404——————22. Toledo: 21,346————–22. Toledo: 23,614 23. St. Louis: 8,268—————–23. St. Louis: 11,207————-23. St. Louis: 12,261 24. Pittsburgh: 5,018—————24. Cincinnati: 8,710————-24. Pittsburgh: 9,266 25. Cincinnati: 3,855—————25. Pittsburgh: 7,282————-25. Cincinnati: 9,121 26. Akron: 3,485——————–26. Akron: 3,990——————-26. Dayton: 4,945 27. Dayton: 1,693——————-27. Dayton: 3,180—————–27. Akron: 3,684
Columbus moved up from 20th to 16th in the total Hispanic population.
Rank by City of Total Other, non-Hispanic Population by Year 2005——————————————-2010———————————————–2015 1. Chicago: 38,694—————1. Chicago: 37,379————————–1. Chicago: 54,694 2. San Jose: 29,456————2. San Jose: 32,439————————2. San Jose: 40,894 3. Sacramento: 21,370———-3. Sacramento: 30,900——————-3. Portland: 36,398 4. Portland: 21,164————–4. Portland: 28,027————————4. Columbus: 34,357 5. Indianapolis: 20,242———-5. Las Vegas: 24,521—————–5. Sacramento: 32,909 6. Columbus: 20,096————-6. Columbus: 23,738——————6. Las Vegas: 29,853 7. San Antonio: 19,130———-7. San Antonio: 20,778—————7. San Antonio: 26,646 8. Minneapolis: 18,580———-8. Minneapolis: 20,753—————-8. Indianapolis: 26,019 9. Detroit: 18,324—————–9. Virginia Beach: 20,268————-9. Charlotte: 24,285 10. Las Vegas: 18,304———-10. Indianapolis: 20,086————–10. Nashville: 22,658 11. Virginia Beach: 16,685—-11. Charlotte: 18,360——————11. Austin: 21,765 12. Milwaukee: 14,476———-12. Detroit: 16,776——————–12. Minneapolis: 21,426 13. Kansas City: 13,399——–13. Milwaukee: 16,311———–13. Virginia Beach: 20,525 14. Austin: 13,261—————-14. Omaha: 15,519—————-14. Milwaukee: 19,263 15. Charlotte: 11,771————-15. Austin: 14,915—————–15. Omaha: 13,951 16. Omaha: 8,552—————–16. Kansas City: 14,668———-16. Kansas City: 13,897 17. Toledo: 7,447——————17. Nashville: 14,227————-17. Detroit: 13,316 18. Cincinnati: 7,315————–18. Pittsburgh: 12,080————18. Pittsburgh: 11,853 19. Cleveland: 7,004————–19. Toledo: 10,134—————-19. Cleveland: 11,234 20. Providence: 6,488————-20. Akron: 9,020——————20. Toledo: 10,678 21. Pittsburgh: 6,138————–21. Cleveland: 8,276—————21. Cincinnati: 10,176 22. St. Louis: 6,058—————-22. St. Louis: 7,704—————22. Akron: 9,560 23. Orlando: 5,731—————–23. Grand Rapids: 7,376——-23. St. Louis: 9,401 24. Nashville: 5,687—————24. Orlando: 7,251————–24. Orlando: 8,885 25. Akron: 4,431——————–25. Cincinnati: 7,230———–25. Grand Rapids: 7,815 26. Grand Rapids: 4,154———26. Providence: 6,471———-26. Providence: 7,418 27. Dayton: 1,382——————27. Dayton: 3,025—————27. Dayton: 6,669
Finally, Columbus moved up from 6th to 4th in the total of Other, non-Hispanic population. Overall, Columbus ranks fairly well in totals vs. its peers, as one might expect given that it is one of the largest cities in the grouping. However, to truly find out how it compares with these other cities, you have to look at percentages, which tells how much of the city’s populationis made up of each group. Columbus had the 8th highest White, non-Hispanic % of total population of the city in 2015.
Columbus had the 12th highest Black, non-Hispanic % of total population.
Columbus also had the 12th highest Asian, non-Hispanic % of total population.
Columbus ranks poorly with Hispanics in the group, having only the 22nd highest % of population.
Finally, Columbus ranks 8th again in Other, non-Hispanic % of population.
So what’s the final ranking for where Columbus is with diversity compared to its peers? To find out, I assigned points based on ranked position in each 5 racial categories. The final total determined where the cities ranked overall.
So based on this, Columbus is the 6th most racially diverse city of the 27 cities measured. This is no doubt surprising, but not so much when you get to the numbers.
*Note: Normally, Youngstown would be included, but the data was not available.
The Census just came out with 2015 demographic numbers for all places with at least 65,000 people. Given that half the decade is over, it’s a good point to look at where Columbus stands relative to its national/Midwest peers in a foreign-born comparison. A few days ago, I gave numbers for GDP. In the next few posts, I will look at the people that make up the populations of these places.
First up, let’s take a look at foreign-born populations. I have looked at this topic some in the past, but I have never done a full-scale comparison for this topic.
Total Foreign-Born Population Rank by City 2000, 2010 and 2015 2000—————————————-2010———————————-2015 1. Chicago, IL: 628,903———–1. Chicago: 557,674—————1. Chicago: 573,463 2. San Jose, CA: 329,750——–2. San Jose: 366,194————-2. San Jose: 401,493 3. San Antonio, TX: 133,675—-3. San Antonio: 192,741———-3. San Antonio: 208,046 4. Austin, TX: 109,006————4. Austin: 148,431——————4. Austin: 181,686 5. Las Vegas, NV: 90,656——-5. Las Vegas: 130,503————-5. Charlotte: 128,897 6. Sacramento, CA: 82,616—–6. Chalotte: 106,047—————6. Las Vegas: 127,609 7. Portland, OR: 68,976———7. Sacramento: 96,105————-7. Sacramento: 112,579 8. Charlotte, NC: 59,849——–8. Columbus: 86,663—————-8. Columbus: 101,129 9. Minneapolis, MN: 55,475—–9. Portland: 83,026—————–9. Nashville: 88,193 10. Columbus: 47,713———–10. Indianapolis: 74,407———–10. Portland: 86,041 11. Milwaukee, WI: 46,122—–11. Nashville: 73,327—————11. Indianapolis: 72,456 12. Detroit, MI: 45,541———–12. Minneapolis: 57,846———–12. Minneapolis: 70,769 13. Providence, RI: 43,947—–13. Milwaukee: 57,222————-13. Milwaukee: 58,321 14. Nashville, TN: 38,936——-14. Providence: 52,926————14. Providence: 53,532 15. Indianapolis, IN: 36,067—-15. Orlando: 43,747—————-15. Orlando: 50,558 16. Virginia Beach, VA: 28,276–16. Virginia Beach: 40,756—–16. Omaha: 48,263 17. Orlando, FL: 26,741———17. Omaha: 39,288—————–17. Detroit: 39,861 18. Omaha, NE: 25,687———18. Kansas City: 35,532———18. Virginia Beach: 38,360 19. Kansas City, MO: 25,632—19. Detroit: 34,307—————-19. Kansas City: 37,787 20. Cleveland: 21,372————20. St. Louis: 23,011————–20. Pittsburgh: 28,187 21. Grand Rapids, MI: 20,814–21. Pittsburgh: 18,698————21. St. Louis: 21,802 22. St Louis, MO: 19,542——-22. Cleveland: 17,739————-22. Grand Rapids: 19,176 23. Pittsburgh, PA: 18,874—–23. Grand Rapids: 16,615——–23. Cleveland: 18,830 24. Cincinnati: 12,461———–24. Cincinnati: 16,531————-24. Cincinnati: 16,896 25. Toledo: 9,475—————–25. Toledo: 11,559—————–25. Akron: 10,024 26. Akron: 6,911——————26. Akron: 8,524——————–26. Toledo: 9,257 27. Dayton: 3,245—————-27. Dayton: 5,102——————-27. Dayton: 7,381 28. Youngstown: 1,605———28. Youngstown: 3,695————28. Youngstown: 1,058
Here’s the 2000-2015 total change.
And the 2000-2015 change by %.
So Columbus has an above average total and growth compared to its peers nationally.
What the numbers suggest is that Columbus was performing at a middle-mediocre level in the first half of the 2001-2015 period, and has generally been performing significantly better in the latter half. In Ohio, Columbus is poised to become Ohio’s largest metro economy over the next few years.
Over the years, there have been endless claims about how the Columbus economy is dominated by jobs related to state government and OSU. These claims are usually made from other Ohioans complaining that Columbus has an unfair advantage and is mooching public dollars from the rest of the state to prop up the economy.
Let’s first address two points made: 1. That the number of government jobs is far above what they are in all other major Ohio cities, and 2. That overall, government jobs are becoming a larger slice of the metro economy.
The first claim is easy to look into. The Bureau of Labor Statistics, or BLS, produces numbers every single month on job industry numbers by metro area. The most recent numbers are from June 2016. Here are the total government jobs for Ohio’s largest cities. Columbus: 162,600 Cleveland: 138,800 Cincinnati: 124,200 Dayton: 62,300 Toledo: 44,800 Akron: 40,600
So as to the first claim, that the total of government jobs in Columbus is higher than the other cities, that is true. As the state capital, this is no surprise. However, how dependent on government jobs is Columbus really versus those other cities? To find out, you have to divide government jobs by all total jobs within the metro. In June 2016, here was the percentage of the total.
Interestingly enough, Columbus is not the top government-dependent city. That spot goes to Dayton.
Now onto the 2nd claim- that Columbus is increasingly reliant on those government jobs. Let’s look at the % of total jobs that government jobs made up going back to 1990. The figures are for June of each year given.
So it does not appear that Columbus has become more or less dependent on government jobs over the last 26 years. Indeed, if there is any pattern at all, it appears that during economic downturns, the number of government jobs increase, and during periods of stability/recovery, government jobs decline. The early 1990s and late 2000s had high levels of governments jobs, both periods of recession. In June 2016, nearly 85% of the local economy was not government-related, not statistically much different than other Ohio cities.
Finally, let’s look at how total government jobs have changed since the beginning of this decade, 2010, by Ohio city. The figures are for June 2010 and June 2016.
So that brings us to the actual makeup of the Columbus metro economy. What are the industries that most people work for? What are the industries that have the greatest % of the total jobs? Let’s compare June 1990 and June 2016.
1990 Trade/Transportation/Utilities: 20.51% Government: 17.97% Manufacturing: 13.49% Professional and Business Services: 11.46% Health and Education: 9.41% Leisure and Hospitality: 8.63% Financial Activities: 8.26% Mining/Logging/Construction: 4.30% Other Services: 3.46% Information: 2.51%
2016 Trade/Transportation/Utilities: 18.37% Professional and Business Services: 17.11% Government: 15.30% Health and Education: 14.43% Leisure and Hospitality: 10.89% Financial Activities: 7.63% Manufacturing: 6.84% Other Services: 4.10% Mining/Logging/Construction: 3.75% Information: 1.57%
If anything, Columbus’ economy is actually more diverse in 2016 than it was in 1990, not less.
