Category Archives: Columbus Economy

Columbus Economy May 2022

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Columbus Economy May 2022

Now hiring sign

For the Columbus economy May 2022 report, we will look for any signs that the local economy is being negatively affected by ongoing inflation and higher energy prices.

Overall Metro Area May 2022 and Change from May 2021
Labor Force: 1,132,871 +24,699
Employed: 1,100,438 +43,723
Unemployed: 32,433 -19,024
Unemployment Rate: 2.9% -1.7
Total Non-Farm Jobs: 1,123,200 +28,300

The 2.9% May unemployment rate for the Columbus metro remains one of the lowest in more than 30 years, and all metrics were better than they were a year ago.

Overall Metro Area May 2022 and Change from February 2020 (Pre-Pandemic)
Labor Force: 1,132,871 +12,067
Employed: 1,100,438 +23,598
Unemployed: 32,433 -11,531
Unemployment Rate: 2.9% -1.0
Total Non-Farm Jobs: 1,123,200 +11,800
The metro area has surpassed pre-pandemic data across the board.

Now let’s view the results by industry.

Mining/Logging/Construction
5/2020———–5/2021———-5/2022
43,200————45,700———47,500
This industry has fully recovered from the pandemic and continues to set new highs.

Manufacturing
5/2020———–5/2021———-5/2022
66,700———–71,900———-72,300
Although manufacturing has largely recovered from pandemic lows, it remains *well* below anytime before 2000.

Trade/Transportation/Utilities
5/2020———–5/2021———-5/2022
205,400———-221,000———238,000
This industry is at 30 year highs.

Information
5/2020———–5/2021———-5/2022
15,500———–15,600———-16,600
The industry has been in somewhat of a decline overall since the Dot.com boom of the late 1990s. It recovered most pandemic losses, but seems unlikely to do much better in the long run.

Financial Activities
5/2020———–5/2021———-5/2022
83,900———–84,500———-83,700
Financial activities jobs have declined slightly since recovering its pandemic losses.

Professional and Business Services
5/2020———–5/2021———-5/2022
166,500———-179,600———178,200
As with the financial activities industry, this industry initially recovered from the pandemic, but has stagnated a bit since then.

Education and Health Services
5/2020———–5/2021———-5/2022
145,600———-159,700———158,800
These industries have been somewhat stagnant as well since around October, 2020.

Leisure and Hospitality
5/2020———–5/2021———-5/2022
69,000———-97,200———-107,600
This industry was arguably hit the hardest of any during the pandemic crash, but have recovered fairly strongly since then. However, because the fall was so great, it has not completely come back to date.

Other Services
5/2020———–5/2021———-5/2022
32,800———–39,800———-41,500
This industry is on track for full recovery by late summer.

Government
5/2020———–5/2021———-5/2022
177,500———-179,900———179,000
Government jobs remain below where they were pre-pandemic, and have shown little movement either way.

Overall, the metro has recovered from the pandemic and most metrics are generally positive, but not all industries are doing equally well. There remains no sign of any impending downturn.

The Bureau of Labor Statistics, the source of this data, is useful for local employment data for any metro area in the United States.

Housing Market Update May 2022

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Local housing market update May 2022 Columbus, Ohio

In this latest edition of the Housing Market Update May 2022, we see that home prices continue to reach record levels in the metro area, and houses are selling faster than ever. With rising mortgage interest rates, will the region eventually see a slowdown?

Note: LSD= Local School District, CSD= City School District. In both cases, school district boundaries differ from city boundaries.

Top 15 Most Expensive Locations By Median Sales Price in May 2022
1. New Albany: $789,900
2. New Albany Plain LSD: $650,000
3. Big Walnut LSD: $572,127
4. Powell: $565,000
5. Upper Arlington CSD: $558,000
6. Dublin: $555,000
7. Grandview Heights: $545,000
8. Granville CSD: $530,000
9. Dublin CSD: $515,000
10. Olentangy LSD: $505,000
11. Buckeye Valley LSD: $495,000
12. Worthington: $481,000
13. German Village: $475,000
14. Bexley: $470,000
15. Pickerington: $444,000
16. Canal Winchester CSD: $430,000
Several suburbs now have median prices at or above half a million dollars, with several others not too far behind.

Top 15 Least Expensive Locations by Median Sales Price in May 2022
1. Lancaster CSD: $175,000
2. Miami Trace LSD: $180,000
3. Newark CSD: $184,000
4. Circleville CSD: $187,500
5. Whitehall CSD: $205,000
6. Jefferson LSD: $220,000
7. London CSD: $227,450
8. Groveport Madison LSD: $243,000
9. Hamilton LSD: $256,700
10. Obetz: $256,700
11. Columbus CSD: $257,500
12. Columbus: $277,750
13. Reynoldsburg CSD: $280,500
14. Minerva Park: $291,500
15. South Western CSD: $295,450
On the opposite side of things, even some of the cheapest markets are approaching the $300K mark. Columbus itself remains *relatively* affordable in comparison to the market overall.

Overall Market Median Sales Price in May: $303,460
Based on the 10 Columbus Metro Area counties.

Top 15 Locations with the Highest Median Sales Price % Growth Between May 2021 and May 2022
1. Canal Winchester CSD: +65.4%
2. Big Walnut LSD: +50.4%
3. Whitehall: +48.6%
4. Northridge LSD: +42.6%
5. Groveport Madison LSD: +39.0%
6. Grandview Heights: +38.3%
7. Granville CSD: +31.7%
8. Gahanna: +27.6%
9. Teays Valley LSD: +26.4%
10. Pataskala: +26.3%
11. Pickerington: +25.1%
12. Downtown: +24.3%
13. Johnstown-Monroe LSD: +23.5%
14. Powell: +22.8%
15. Sunbury: +22.5%

Top 15 Locations with the Lowest Median Sales Price % Growth Between May 2021 and May 2022
1. German Village: -24.6%
2. Miami Trace LSD: -19.3%
3. Obetz: -14.0%
4. Bexley: -5.5%
5. Delaware CSD: -4.7%
6. New Albany: -2.5%
7. Minerva Park: -2.2%
8. Lancaster CSD: -0.6%
9. Newark CSD: -0.1%
10. Jonathan Alder LSD: 0.0%
11. Short North: 0.5%
12. London CSD: +1.1%
13. Westerville: +2.4%
14. Circleville CSD: +3.0%
15. Beechwold/Clintonville: +3.5%
So far, the “Intel Effect” has yet to kick in in places like Newark and some Northeast Side communities. Only Johnstown is seeing a significant price increase. This may have to do with some of these places already being overvalued, especially New Albany.

Overall Market Median Sales Price % Change May 2022 vs. May 2021: +14.5%
Based on 53 metro market locations.

Top 10 Locations with the Most New Listings in May 2022
1. Columbus: 1,337
2. Columbus CSD: 898
3. Olentangy LSD: 214
4. South Western CSD: 210
5. Hilliard CSD: 162
6. Dublin CSD: 146
7. Westerville CSD: 139
8. Worthington CSD: 94
9. Dublin: 90
10. Lancaster CSD: 88

Top 10 Locations with the Fewest New Listings in May 2022
1. Valleyview: 0
2. Lithopolis: 2
3. Minerva Park: 5
4. Obetz: 6
5. Jefferson LSD: 12
6. Northridge LSD: 14
7. Johnstown-Monroe LSD: 15
8. Miami Trace LSD: 18
9. Sunbury: 20
10. Granville CSD: 20
11. German Village: 21

Total New Listings in the Columbus Metro in May 2022: +3,362
Overall Metro New Listings % Change May 2022 vs May 2021: -3.1%
New listings fell in May year-over-year even though the late spring is often a time when more homes go onto the market. Franklin County had one of the largest declines in inventory, dropping about 6.9%.



Top 10 Fastest-Selling Locations by # of Days Homes Remain on the Market Before Sale in May 2022
1. Grandview Heights: 3
2. Canal Winchester CSD: 4
3. Hilliard: 4
4. Miami Trace LSD: 4
5. Minerva Park: 4
6. Westerville: 4
7. Westerville CSD: 4
8. German Village: 5
9. Hilliard CSD: 5
10. Marsyville CSD: 5
11. Powell: 5
12. Reynoldsburg CSD: 5
13. Sunbury: 5
14. Worthington: 5
15. Worthington CSD: 5
16. Bexley: 6
17. Dublin: 6
18. Groveport Madison LSD: 6
19. Jefferson LSD: 6
20. Pickerington: 6
21. Hamilton LSD: 7
22. Lancaster CSD: 7
23. Newark CSD: 7
24. Pickerington LSD: 7
25. Upper Arlington CSD: 7
26. Whitehall: 7
27. Beechwold/Clintonville: 8
28. Gahanna: 8
29. Delaware CSD: 9
30. South Western CSD: 9
31. Blacklick: 10
32. Columbus: 10
33. Johnstown-Monroe LSD: 10
34. Gahanna Jefferson LSD: 12
35. Dublin CSD: 13
36. Grove City: 13

The “Top 10” became the Top 36 just given that most of the local markets are selling so similarly quickly. There is relatively little spread between the fastest and slowest-selling markets, with some obvious exceptions.

Top 10 Slowest-Selling Locations by # of Days Homes Remain on the Market Before Sale in May 2022
1. Northridge LSD: 84
2. Downtown: 75
3. New Albany: 29
4. Buckeye Valley LSD: 28
5. Granville CSD: 27
6. Teays Valley LSD: 27
7. London CSD: 26
8. Short North: 25
9. Jonathan Alder LSD: 22
10. Big Walnut LSD: 20
11. New Albany LSD: 19
12. Obetz: 19
13. Pataskala: 19

Top 10 Locations with the Greatest % Decline of # of Days on the Market Before Sale May 2022 vs. May 2021
1. Bexley: -76.0%
2. Jefferson LSD: -73.9%
3. Lancaster CSD: -72.0%
4. Dublin: -68.4%
5. Johnstown-Monroe LSD: -64.3%
6. Grandview Heights: -62.5%
7. Reynoldsburg CSD: -58.3%
8. Short North: -51.0%
9. Hamilton LSD: -50.0%
10. Hilliard: -50.0%
11. Westerville: -50.0%
12. Hilliard CSD: -44.4%

Top 10 Locations with the Lowest % Decline of # of Days on the Market Before Sale May 2022 vs. May 2021
1. Northridge LSD: +1,300.0%
2. Jonathan Alder LSD: +633.3%
3. Valleyview: +400.0%
4. London CSD: +188.9%
5. New Albany: +141.7%
6. New Albany LSD: +111.1%
7. Downtown: +92.3%
8. Granville CSD: +80.0%
9. Circleville CSD: +77.8%
10. Teays Valley LSD: +68.8%

% Change for the # of Days Homes Remain on the Market Before Sale Across the Metro Overall: 15.6
Overall Metro Days on Market % Change May 2022 vs May 2021: -1.3%

Columbus Realtors offers monthly housing reports and other data back several years.



Columbus Economy April 2022

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Columbus economy April 2022

For the Columbus economy April 2022 report, we look at how the situation has continued to improve from the pandemic-related crash of 2020. High inflation rates had yet to affect things like hiring, which remained strong. Let’s break it down.

Overall Metro Area April 2022 and Change from April 2021
Labor Force: 1,120,035 +13,475
Employed: 1,087,123 +37,439
Unemployed: 32,912 -23,964
Unemployment Rate: 2.9% -2.2
Total Non-Farm Jobs: 1,111,100 +25,100

The 2.9% April unemployment rate for the Columbus metro was the lowest rate since May 2001, and only a few tenths of a percent off the lowest since at least 1990.

Overall Metro Area April 2022 and Change from February 2020 (Pre-Pandemic)
Labor Force: 1,120,035 -769
Employed: 1,087,123 +10,283
Unemployed: 32,912 -11,052
Unemployment Rate: 2.9% -1.0
Total Non-Farm Jobs: 1,111,100 -300
The metro area overall is just about where it was pre-pandemic, though more people are employed now than at that time.



Now let’s view the results by industry.

Mining/Logging/Construction
4/2020———–4/2021———-4/2022
40,300————44,800———45,900
This industry has been recovering nicely from pandemic lows, and should hit all-time highs over the summer.

Manufacturing
4/2020———–4/2021———-4/2022
63,400———–71,800———-72,800
Manufacturing has nearly fully recovered to pre-pandemic levels.

Trade/Transportation/Utilities
4/2020———–4/2021———-4/2022
190,200———-220,200———235,800
This industry completely recovered and consistently hitting record highs.

Information
4/2020———–4/2021———-4/2022
15,400———–15,400———-16,600
Information has fully recovered to pre-pandemic levels, but only just. This industry has been fairly stagnant, if not in decline, since 2001.

Financial Activities
4/2020———–4/2021———-4/2022
83,700———–85,200———-82,900
Unlike other industries, financial activities did not drop significantly during the crash. It did fully recover all lost jobs, but is now sliding down further than during the pandemic. It’s unclear why.

Professional and Business Services
4/2020———–4/2021———-4/2022
162,900———-177,800———178,600
This industry did recover most pandemic losses, but plateaued in 2016 and has been unable to do much since then.

Education and Health Services
4/2020———–4/2021———-4/2022
142,100———-159,600———157,900
Hit extremely hard during the pandemic, the industries of health and education have not yet been able to fully recover. Healthcare in particular is having an extremely difficult time finding workers, and is losing people to burnout.

Leisure and Hospitality
4/2020———–4/2021———-4/2022
56,100———-93,100———-101,500
This industry was arguably hit the hardest of any during the pandemic crash. These jobs fell by nearly 50%. They’ve made a strong comeback, but not quite yet to pre-pandemic levels.

Other Services
4/2020———–4/2021———-4/2022
29,600———–39,400———-41,500
This industry is on track for full recovery by late summer.

Government
4/2020———–4/2021———-4/2022
178,400———-178,700———177,600
While the fall during the pandemic was not as dramatic as other types of jobs, government jobs have largely stagnated since the crash well below their pre-pandemic levels. It’s unclear if its local level or state and federal level jobs that have not returned.

All said, the metro area has just about fully recovered from pandemic effects- and is doing better now than before in some respects- but some industries continue to lag behind. Inflation and energy prices are hitting people hard, and that is not just true in the United States. Nearly all nations are seeing similar effects, and the longer these global conditions last, the more likely it is that it harms the upward movement of the economy.

The Bureau of Labor Statistics, the source of this data, is useful for local employment data for any metro area in the United States.

Housing Market Update April 2022

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housing market update April 2022 Columbus, Ohio

All data for the Housing Market Update comes from Columbus Realtors.

Note: LSD= Local School District, CSD= City School District. In both cases, school district boundaries differ from city boundaries.

Top 15 Most Expensive Locations By Median Sales Price in April 2022
1. New Albany: $650,000
2. New Albany Plain LSD: $635,000
3. Powell: $605,663
4. Grandview Heights: $585,000
5. Upper Arlington CSD: $580,000
6. Granville CSD: $566,500
7. German Village: $565,000
8. Bexley: $562,000
9. Dublin: $547,500
10. Olentangy LSD: $508,900
11. Worthington: $507,500
12. Dublin CSD: $480,000
13. Big Walnut LSD: $463,178
14. Hilliard: $450,000
15. Sunbury: $427,500

Top 15 Least Expensive Locations by Median Sales Price in April 2022
1. Newark CSD: $175,000
2. Whitehall: $190,000
3. Lancaster CSD: $190,000
4. Circleville CSD: $200,000
5. Miami Trace LSD: $210,000
6. Hamilton LSD: $214,500
7. Obetz: $220,000
8. London CSD: $244,750
9. Columbus CSD: $247,000
10. Groveport Madison LSD: $253,500
11. Columbus: $263,000
12. South Western CSD: $275,000
13. Jefferson LSD: $285,000
14. Reynoldsburg CSD: $299,850
15. Gahanna: $310,000
Even the cheapest markets are mostly above $200K now.

Overall Market Median Sales Price in April: $300,875
Based on the 10 Columbus Metro Area counties. This price was slightly lower than in May.

Top 15 Locations with the Highest Median Sales Price % Growth Between April 2021 and April 2022
1. Minerva Park: +59.6%
2. Lithoplis: +44.1%
3. Jefferson LSD: +43.9%
4. Miami Trace LSD: +40.0%
5. Pataskala: +39.6%
6. Granville CSD: +38.2%
7. Sunbury: +37.7%
8. Canal Winchester CSD: +36.7%
9. New Albany Plain LSD: +35.3%
10. Grove City: +30.4%
11. Groveport Madison LSD: +29.3%
12. Worthington CSD: +27.8%
13. Reynoldsburg CSD: +26.0%
14. Newark CSD: +25.0%
15. Upper Arlington CSD: +24.7%

Top 15 Locations with the Lowest Median Sales Price % Growth Between April 2021 and April 2022
1. Jonathan Alder LSD: -21.6%
2. Short North: -18.6%
3. Buckeye Valley LSD: -17.6%
4. Lancaster CSD: -5.0%
5. New Albany: -4.1%
6. Obetz: -2.3%
7. German Village: -0.9%
8. Beechwold/Clintonville: +4.3%
9. Dublin: +6.5%
10. Bexley: +6.5%
11. Dublin CSD: +9.8%
12. Hamilton LSD: +9.9%
13. Westerville: +11.9%
14. Columbus CSD: +13.8%
15. Olentangy LSD: +14.0%
16. Columbus: +15.1%
Columbus core neighborhoods and Columbus overall saw some of the smallest or even negative price changes.

Overall Market Median Sales Price % Change April 2022 vs. April 2021: +19.8%

Top 10 Locations with the Most New Listings in April 2022
1. Columbus: 1,260
2. Columbus CSD: 856
3. South Western CSD: 223
4. Olentangy LSD: 170
5. Westerville CSD: 161
6. Hilliard CSD: 136
7. Dublin CSD: 131
8. Pickerington LSD: 99
9. Grove City: 93
10. Worthington CSD: 91

Top 10 Locations with the Fewest New Listings in April 2022
1. Valleyview: 1
2. Lithopolis: 3
3. Jefferson LSD: 5
4. Minerva Park: 6
5. Grandview Heights: 7
6. Northridge LSD: 8
7. Obetz: 10
8. German Village: 10
9. Sunbury: 11
10. Jonathan Alder LSD: 12
11. Hamilton LSD: 15
12. Granville CSD: 15

Total New Listings in the Columbus Metro in April 2022: +3,194
Overall Metro New Listings % Change April 2022 vs April 2021: -1.7%



Top 10 Fastest-Selling Locations by # of Days Homes Remain on the Market Before Sale in April 2022
1. Gahanna: 3
2. Jefferson LSD: 3
3. Minerva Park: 3
4. Worthington: 3
5. Blacklick: 4
6. Canal Winchester CSD: 4
7. Gahanna Jefferson CSD: 4
8. Jonathan Alder LSD: 4
9. Obetz: 4
10. Big Walnut LSD: 5
11. Hilliard CSD: 5
12. Powell: 5
13. Sunbury: 5
14. Dublin: 6
15. Hilliard: 6
16. Lithopolis: 6
17. Reynoldsburg CSD: 6
18. Whitehall: 6
19. Worthington CSD: 6
20. Hamilton LSD: 7
21. Miami Trace LSD: 7
22. Westerville: 7
23. Dublin CSD: 8
24. Groveport Madison LSD: 8
25. Upper Arlington CSD: 8
26. Beechwold/Clintonville: 9
27. Westerville CSD: 9
28. Granville CSD: 10
29. Marysville CSD: 10
30. Pickerington LSD: 10
31. Bexley: 11
32. Columbus: 11
33. Delaware CSD: 11
34. German Village: 11
35. Johnstown-Monroe LSD: 11
36. Lancaster CSD: 11
37. Newark CSD: 11
38. Olentangy LSD: 11
39. Pickerington: 11
40. Circleville CSD: 13
41. Grandview Heights: 13

Top 10 Slowest-Selling Locations by # of Days Homes Remain on the Market Before Sale in April 2022
1. Northridge LSD: 58
2. Downtown: 40
3. Short North: 31
4. London CSD: 24
5. Buckeye Valley LSD: 23
6. Grove City: 22
7. Pataskala: 21
8. New Albany: 20
9. Teays Valley LSD: 15
10. Columbus CSD: 14
11. New Albany Plain LSD: 14
12. South Western CSD: 14

Top 10 Locations with the Greatest % Decline of # of Days on the Market Before Sale April 2022 vs. April 2021
1. Miami Trace LSD: -86.3%
2. Gahanna: -76.9%
3. Gahanna Jefferson CSD: -75.0%
4. Granville CSD: -74.4%
5. Blacklick: -71.4%
6. German Village: -71.1%
7. New Albany Plain LSD: -64.1%
8. Obetz: -63.6%
9. New Albany: -59.2%
10. Upper Arlington CSD: -55.6%

Top 10 Locations with the Lowest % Decline of # of Days on the Market Before Sale April 2022 vs. April 2021
1. Lithopolis: +200.0%
2. Northridge LSD: +176.2%
3. Grove City: +69.2%
4. Sunbury: +66.75
5. Pataskala: +61.5%
6. London CSD: +60.0%
7. South Western CSD: +55.6%
8. Downtown: +48.1%
9. Westerville: +40.0%
10. Delaware CSD: +37.5%
11. Johnstown-Monroe LSD: +37.5%

Total # of Days Homes Remain on the Market Before Sale Across the Metro Overall: 13.7
Overall Metro Days on Market % Change April 2022 vs April 2021: -35.7%
Homes were selling on average almost 8 days after than a year ago.



Best States for Retirement

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best states for retirement

Perhaps the beaches of Florida aren’t the best place to retire after all?

There are a LOT of rankings out there related to the best states for retirement. And yet none of them produce the same list. Because of different criteria used, websites produce vastly different rankings. Some lists prioritize climate, others tax rates, others still healthcare costs. Some others having a long criteria list. No two are exactly alike. Further complicating the matter is that while there are hundreds of websites that list rankings, the vast majority of them just reprint a half-dozen or so studies from other websites, but with slightly different framing.
What I haven’t seen, however, is an average of all those rankings. That is what I attempted here. I tried to find as many rankings using original criteria and that ranked all 50 states and DC, and then averaged all those rankings into a new number. This helped to smooth out the varying criteria that can offer wildly opposing results into a more consistent ranking.

Average State Ranking Position Across All Studies Reviewed
1. North Dakota: 9.0
2. Delaware: 12.2
3. New Hampshire: 12.8
4. Virginia: 13.0
5. Iowa: 13.8
6. Florida: 14.4
7. Maine: 14.8
8. South Dakota: 15.0
9. Idaho: 15.4
10. Wyoming: 16.4
11. South Carolina: 19.2
12. Montana: 19.6
13. Pennsylvania: 19.8
14. Nebraska: 21.2
15. Alabama: 21.8
16. Colorado: 22.2
17. North Carolina, Ohio: 23.8
18. Vermont: 24.0
19. Missouri: 24.2
20. Georgia, Minnesota: 24.6
21. Wisconsin: 24.8
22. Tennessee, Utah: 26.0
23. Arizona: 26.6
24. Kansas, Michigan: 27.0
25. Mississippi: 28.0
26. Hawaii, Indiana, West Virginia: 28.4
27. Kentucky: 28.6
28. Oregon: 28.8
29. Arkansas: 29.0
30. Nevada: 29.2
31. Connecticut: 30.6
32. Alaska, Rhode Island: 31.2
33. Massachusetts, Oklahoma: 33.2
34. Washington: 34.6
35. Louisiana: 34.8
36. Maryland: 35.0
37. Texas: 35.6
38. New Mexico: 36.2
39. Illinois: 36.4
40. California: 37.6
41. New Jersey: 38.4
42. New York: 38.6
43. Washington, DC: 42.5

I definitely went into this thinking that Florida, Arizona, Texas and other warm-weather states would all come out near or at the very top, but it didn’t quite work out that way. Instead, the top 25 positions were much more mixed, and the Sunbelt region did not have the most states. Instead, the Midwest led the way with 10, followed by the Southeast with 8, the West with 6 and the Northeast with 5.
If going purely by average score, here is the breakdown of states by region with a score of under 25 versus those with an average score over 25, indicating the line between top and bottom-ranking states.
Score Below 25
Midwest: 9
Southeast: 6
Northeast: 5
West: 4
Score Above 25
West: 9
Southeast: 8
Northeast: 7
Midwest: 4

This all suggests that the Midwest is the best overall region to retire. The cold winters may not be everyone’s favorite, but favorable tax rates, quality of life metrics, low healthcare costs, low housing costs and other metrics make it otherwise a very attractive region. Ohio, too, comes in fairly favorable in the overall rankings, though it seems many retirees don’t consider Ohio or the greater Midwest as a retirement destination, and that’s to their detriment. It all comes down to what individuals prefer and prioritize, of course. The US Census does “Reason for Move” estimates of those people who move from one state or region to another, and they support that most people move for family, employment, education or health reasons. Contrary to popular belief, change of climate is way down at the bottom of the list. Cold-weather states, then, are perhaps just not capitalizing on their own net positives to attract more people.